Ingot-mold.



E. GATHMANN.

INGOT MOLD.

' Patented May18,1909. QBHEETB SHEET 1.

E. GATHMANN.

'INGOT MOLD.

-APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 27, 1908.

Patented May 18, 1909.

, 2 EHEETS-BHIBET 2.

fw. B

UNITED STA EMIlJ GATHMANN, OF BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA.

/ I moor-MOLD.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 18, 1909.

Application filed November 27, 1908. Serial No. 4641,5465. I

'- citizen of the United States, residing in Bethlehem, in the county ofNorthampton andState of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Ingot Molds, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates primarily to that type of molds wherein are caststeel or alloy in ots which contract in their freezing or solidi cationfrom the hot liquid casting and-which are subsequently pressed, rolledor hammered into various commercial structural sha es and forgings. i

' e primary object of my invention is to provide a metallic mold wherebysteel ingot castings can be so manufactured that the so-' called pipe orcavity, which forms in the upper middle portion of the ingotmanufactured by the usual methods, is greatly reduced or practicallyeliminated.

Another ob'ect of my invention is to provide a mold w erein the liquidsteel is rapidly cooled whereby ingotism or the formation of largecrystals in the structure of the ingot is greatly reduced. v i

A further object of the invention is to so cool the mold by favoringradiation of heat from certain portions ofthe ingot that a cleaner andmore homogeneous steel casting is roduced. j

y my improvements I effect a saving and make fit for structural orforging purposes a large percentage of the ingots usually cropped orscrapped on account of ipin-g and other imperfectionsincident to t epresent manufacturing practices.

The accompanyin drawin s illustrate some of my designs for a moldadapted to o crate-in the manner above stated. They ll 'strate merely afew of the various ways of embodying my invention.-

.'F1g11l=8 1 shows a side elevation of'a form of mold which may be emloyed. Fig. 2 shows a vertical section t ereof. Fig. 3 shows atransverse section on the line P.P of Fig. 2 looking in the direction ofthe arrows. Fig. 4 is a view of thetop of the mold. Figs. 5 to 8inclusive show several modifications of radiating surfaces. Fig. 5 showssuch a surface formed with a number of relatively small pockets ordepressions. Fig. 6 shows the surface formed with longitudinally verticor vertically inserted ribs. Fi 7 shows such ribs arran ed horizontally.S shows a jacket coo 'ng device.

The mold A, shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, is substantiallybottle-shaped, the portion below the line PP being the body portion andthe portion above this line, the neck. The mold here shown hasside walls13-, a top portion C, and a bottom portion D. The side portions B haveinterior surfaces E and outer surfaces F and G. The lower or bodyportion of the mold is constructed to favor the cooling of the moltenmetal in such portion much more rapidly than the metal in the upperportion or neck of the mold. This is done by giving it a greater heatabsorption, conduction or radiating quality. In Figs. 1 2 and-'3 theouter surface F of the lower portion of the mold located below the linePP is given a mu hened contour and the surface G above the ine PP has asmoother con tour. This roughened surface is preferably provided byforming on the surface F vertically arranged outwardly extending spacedribs H. In this way an increased radiating surface is presented persuperficial area of the side walls of the mold in the lower partthereof. .Al-S hereinafter described, such increased radiating surfacemay be rovided in other ways, and other ways may e ad o ted for causingthe lower part of the mo ten metal contained in the mold to cool morerapidly than the upper art thereof. Ham dles- K may be fitted to t 1emold for convenience of manipulation and transportation in the strippingof the cooled ingot. 'llhe mold should be seated on a stool or platform,in

the usual way, for closing its. lower portion during-the casting orcoolingof the ingot. The radiating ribs- H, shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3,are referably disposed in an upright or al direction in order thatinduced currents of air may be created which insures a better cooling ofthe ribs by convection, but forced air currents may. be directed;against such portions of the mold as require rapid cooling, if desired.

Instead of employing vertically arranged ribs, as shownin Figs. 1, 2-,3' and 6:, I may arrange the ribs horizontally, as shown in Fig. 7, or Imay merely form ockets or recesses in the walls of the mo (1 withcorrespondin projections, as shown in Fig. 5: I may, if esired, providefor the'rapid cooling water-or other cooling of the lower ortion of themold by a cooling jacket, as'in icated in 8, throu h which uid may ecirculated. In all cases the lower ortion of the .5 mold is so formed,or is so equlpped, that an increased radiating surface is provided persuperficial area of the side walls of the lower part of the mold, orsuch lower portion of the mold is given, in other suitable ways, a 10greater quality of radiation, conduction or convection-than the upperpart thereof.

In theuse of my inventionthe mold is preferably pre-heated to thedesired degree in order to avoid sudden strains, the liquid steel isthen teemed or poured into the mold from a ladle, or the like, in' anysuitable way until the'mold is filled, preferably up to, or near itsupper end. The heat from the liquid steel is then rapidly conveyed fromthe inner surface E of the side walls B by conduction outward to thesurfaces F and G upward to the top 0 of the mold and downward to the.

surface D. The heat from the liquid steel having thus passed byconduction to.the

outer surface of the mold is further transmitted by radiation andconvection into the surrounding atmosphere. As the speed of heatradiation from any similar body is directly proportional to the exposedsurface and 1S also'governed by the character of the surface, the heatwill radiate far more rapidly from the rough surface F or the ribs Hthan from the smoother surface G. It thus follows that the upper portionof the ingot will .35 retain its heat for a much longer period of timethan the lower portion thereof, or,

rather, the lower or body portion of the mold will be cooled far morerapldly than the u per portion thereof. The up er portion 0 the 40molten metal thus being t e last to cool will feed liquid steel totheower portion of the molten metal as the latter freezes and contracts.This contraction takes place as is well understood frdm a neutrallongitudinal 4 axis and usually forms the so called pipe, but

by my improvements this pipe or cavity is automatically filled by,theliquid metal fed to it from above and so the pipe or cavity in the castingotis by my improvements prevented.

The entire time of freezing for a given size of ingot is considerablyreduced by my improvpments as the radiation of heat is greatly enhancedfrom the major ortion of the y outer side surfaces of the mo d.

' The exact location of the line P-P at. which the radiation favoringand non-favore ing surfaces of the mold meet cannot be definitelydetermined; except by experiment for specific sizes and depths of molds.,I

have, however, found by experiment that 'P p comp ish the, desiredresult by simple and 7,5

the part G should not extend beyond one and i a half-times the largesthorizontafiiross section of the ingot being cast in order to avoidpipling action.

inexpensive'means.

, No claim-is made herein to the method herein described'as such methodis claimed in my application No. 481,888, filed March of steel I claimas my lIlVGIllDlOIll 1. A mold, the upper part or neck of which has arelatively smooth contour while the lower part of the mold is providedwith a'series ofradial outwardly extending ribs.

2. A mold having its magor outerportion of a roughenedcontouran theupper neck portion of a relatively smooth contour where' by heatradiation from the lower portion of the mold is more rapid than from theupper portion. a

3. A metallic mold provided with means for favoring heat radiation,conduction and convection from its lower portion, while itsupper'portion is. relatively smooth and has less of these qualities.

4. A metallic mold formed with substantially vertical retaining walls.provided with heat radiating means in the major portion of its outersurface and having a contracted upper vertical portion, the side wallsof which are disposed in a plane other than that formin the contour ofthe major portion of.- the mo d.

lower ortion of which below the neck is forme to-favor heat absorptionto a greater extent than the neck whereb. the molten metal in the neckof the mol is caused to descend and fill the pipe or cavity formed inthe lower portion of the metal.

"6. A metallic mold, the lower ortion of which is constructed or equippeto fa'vor the cooling of the molten mass'to a greater extent at,thebottom and lower part of the llfi mold than at the upper art thereof.

. In te'sti'monywhereo I have hereunto subscribed my name. EMILGATHMANN.

Witnesses:

y R. W. LEIBERT, PAUL J. GATHMANN.

5. A bottle-shaped metallic mold, the 1 5

